1. SCULPTURE VENUES AND RESOURCES

Sculpture Galleries, Museums, and Parks:
International Directory of Sculpture Parks http://www.bbk.ac.uk/sculptureparks/
 

East Coast:
 -Annmarie Garden. 13480 Dowell Road Solomons, MD 410 326 4640 www.annmariegarden.org/ -Dia Art Foundation: with locations in Beacon, NYC and more http://www.diacenter.org/

-Griffis Sculpture Park. 6902 Mill Valley Road East Otto, NY 14729 716 667 2808 www.griffispark.org
-Grounds for Sculpture. Located in Hamilton, NJ http://groundsforsculpture.wordpress.com/
-Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Independence Avenue at Seventh Street SW
Washington, DC 20013 202 633 1000 http://hirshhorn.si.edu/
-Pratt Institute Sculpture Park. Located in Brooklyn, NY http://www.pratt.edu/about_pratt/visiting_pratt/tour_the_campus/sculpture_park/

-Puffin Foundation Sculpture Garden. 20 Puffin Way (formerly East Oakdene Ave.) Teaneck NJ 07666 201.836.3400 www.puffinfoundation.org/special/garden.html 
-Sculpture Center. Located in  LIC NYC http://www.sculpture-center.org/
-Socrates Sculpture Park. Located in LIC NY http://www.socratessculpturepark.org/

-Storm King Art Center. Located in Mountainville, New York http://www.stormking.org/

Other Locations:
-Chinati Foundation. Marfa, Texas. The Judd Foundation is also in the area. http://www.chinati.org/
-The Nathan Manilow Sculpture Park. Governors State University 1 University Parkway University Park, IL 60466 708 534 4486 www.govst.edu/sculpture/
-Olympic Sculpture Park. 2901 Western Avenue Seattle, WA 98121 206.654.3100 http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/visit/OSP/

Residencies/Classes:

-Haystacks Mountain School of Crafts. Located in Deer Isle, Maine. Classes http://www.haystack-mtn.org/ 

-Kohler Arts/Industry Residency Program. Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Iron/Porcelain Residency Program http://www.jmkac.org/arts/industryprogram

-North Bennet Street School. Located in Boston, Massachusetts Furniture Classes http://www.nbss.org/

-Penland School of Crafts. Located in Penland North Carolina. Classes http://www.penland.org/

-Peter's Valley Craft Center. Located in Layton, New Jersey. Classes http://www.petersvalley.org/

-Sculpture Space. Located in Utica, New York. Residency Program  http://sculpturespace.org/

Texts and Publications:

-A Sculpture Reader: Contemporary Sculpture Since 1980 (Perspectives on Contemporary Sculpture). 2010 ISC Press
-Conversations on Sculpture (Perspectives on Contemporary Sculpture). 2007 ISC Press

-Passages in Modern Sculpture by Rosalind E. Krauss 1981 MIT Press 
-Sculpture: From Antiquity to the Present Day (2 Volume Set) by Georges Duby and Jean-Luc Daval 2010 Taschen
-Sculpture in the Age of Doubt by Thomas McEvilley 1999 Allworth Press

-Sculpture Magazine Published by International Sculpture Center http://www.sculpture.org/
-Sculpture Now by John Wood. 2011 Tate Publishing
-Sculpture Since 1945 by Andrew Causey. 1998 Oxford History of Art
-Sculpture Today by Judith Collins. 2007 Phaidon Press
-The Contingent Object of Contemporary Art by Martha Buskirk. 2003 MIT Press
-The Shape of Things to Come: New Sculpture by Saatchi Gallery and Meghan Dailey 2009
-Unmonumental by Laura Hoptman, Richard Flood, Massimiliano Gioni and Trevor Smith 2007
-Vitamin 3-D, New Perspectives in Sculpture and Installation. 2009 Phaidon Press

2. STONE

STONE CARVING is a subtractive sculpture process. One of the earliest examples of sculpture discovered is the limestone Venus of Willendorf dated approximately 22,000 B.C.E. Sculptors generally use a hammer and chisel to create works in stone. Current technology allows for the use of pneumatic chisels as well as computer navigated cutting systems.

Common Stone Types for the Carving Process:

Alabaster
Granite (requires specialized tools) 
Limestone

Marble
Soapstone

Material Sources:

Compleat Sculptor (NY): http://www.sculpt.com/
Sculpture House (NJ): www.sculpturehouse.com/
Stone Sculptors Supplies (CA): www.stonesculptorssupplies.com/
Additional Resources ISC: http://www.sculpture.org/documents/scmag97/stonsply.shtml

Videos:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WmLONmdd2s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z078tE_u_ZI&feature=related

Tips: 
Make sure that the tools or burrs used on this material are appropriate for stone before using otherwise it will dull or strip the tool/burr if meant for wood only.

Selected Texts:
Contemporary Stone Sculpture, Aesthetics, Methods, Appreciation by Dona Z. Meilach. 1987 Schiffer

Selected Stone Artists: Michelangelo, Barry X. Ball, Louise Bourgeois, Scott Burton, Tony Cragg, Bryan Crockett, Patricia Cronin, Jenny Holzer, Jesus Morales, Isamu Noguchi, Marc Quinn

Barry X. Ball, Sleeping Hermaphrodite, 2008-2010, Belgian Black Marble, 68.1 x 35.5 x 18.3 in.

Louise Bourgeois, Chapiteau, 1968

Tony Cragg, Sediment, 1989, marble

Jesus Morales, Granite Weaving, 1988

Jenny Holzer, Under a Rock: Crack the Pelvis, 1986

Scott Burton, Granite Settee, 1982-83

3. WOOD

Below is a brief overview of wood carving, wood turning, and fabrication.

WOOD CARVING is a subtractive sculpture process and is common both in sculpture (3-D forms) as well as in relief work. The process may be undergone with hand tools such as gouges and mallets or with power tools such as angle grinders, die grinders and Dremel tools. One may carve kiln dried wood or green wood. Lumber may be purchased at the final width desired (4" is a common maximum width available) or it may be laminated into a block of the carver's desired size. The final work may be left natural, or it may be waxed, lacquered, stained or painted.

DC Hardwood Sources:

-Colonial Hardwoods 7953 Cameron Brown Ct. Springfield, VA 22153 (703) 451-9217

-Vienna Hardwoods 241 Mill Street NE Vienna, VA 22180 Tel: (703) 255-9663

NY Hardwood Sources:   

Rosenzweig Lumber Corp. 801 E 135th Street # 1 Bronx, NY 10454-3583 Phone: (718) 585-8050

Common woods used for carving:

Basswood (best choice for beginners), Butternut, Mahogany, Walnut, Sassafras, Poplar or MDF

Tools:

-4 1/2 angle grinder with a Tunsten Carbide disk such as Kutzall's Extreme 4" Disk

-Die Grinder with Tungsten Carbide abrasive carving burrs such as Kutzall Brand (avail at Compleat Sculptor and Woodcraft)

-Dremel tool with Tungsten Carbide abrasive carving burrs such as Kutzall Brand (avail at Compleat Sculptor and Woodcraft)

-Course Rasp

-Files

-Gouges, chisels and mallet

-Drawknife

-Sandpaper

-Titebond Wood glue and Clamps 

Tips:

-Remove the bulk of the excess material using the bandsaw . Draw out the front view and side view of your form if working from a reference model.
-Make sure to use a narrow saw blade such as 1/4". Never cut out curves with a 1/2" or larger blade as this will break the blade.

-Keep your work clamped in a vise while working

-Wear a dust mask and eye protection
-Avoid exotic woods such as Rosewood as these species are toxic and may cause a severe allergic reaction. Research the wood before purchase. Here is a link to a list of toxic woods: http://riparia.org/toxic_woods.htm

Selected Wood Carving Texts:
Beginning Woodcarving: Projects, Techniques, Tools. Guild of Master Craftsman Publications

Selected Artists that use this process: Maskull Lasserre, Martin Puryear, Matthew Ronay, Ricky Swallow, Ursula von Rydingsvard, H.C. Westerman

 

Ursula von Rydindsvard, Doolin, 1995-7

Ricky Swallow, Instrument, 2002

Ricky Swallow, Sleeping Range, 2002

Matthew Ronay, Epicenter World Series, 2004

Maskull Lasserre, Self Doubt (Macaque), 2010, Carved plywood plinth, Bell jar, 13 x 13 x 58 inches

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WOOD TURNING

Selected Turning Texts and DVDs:

Turning Wood W/Richard Raffan DVD (available at the Corcoran Library)

IF YOU HAVE NEVER USED THE LATHE BEFORE YOU MUST HAVE A SCULPTURE TECH OR FACULTY MEMBER GUIDE YOU THROUGH THE PROCESS, NEVER USE MACHINERY YOU ARE NOT FAMILIAR WITH WITHOUT INSTRUCTION

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WOOD WORKING/FABRICATION

Sheet goods such as Plywood or MDF (medium density fiberboard) are common material for wood fabrication. Sheet goods such can be found at Home Depot and other lumber yards. 

Specialty building supply stores may provide ecological alternatives such as Plyboo (bamboo), cork, Wheatboard, and Kirei board.

Selected Woodworking Texts:
Understanding Wood by R. Bruce Hoadley
The Joint Book by Terrie Noll
Mastering Woodworking Machines by Mark Duginske
The Complete Guide to Sharpening by Leonard Lee
Encyclopedia of Furniture Making by Ernest Joyce

Selected Artists that use this process:  Richard Artschwager, Richard Deacon, Donald Judd, Martin Puryear

Richard Artschwager, Table with Pink Tablecloth, 1964, Formica on wood, 25 1/2 x 44 x 44 in.

Martin Puryear, Bower, 1980, Sitka spruce and pine, 64" x 7' 10 3/4" x 26 5/8"

Donald Judd, Untitled, 1989, Douglass Fir

4. CERAMIC

CERAMIC SCULPTURE: Ceramic vessels, tableware and tiles are some of the earliest examples of 3-dimensional work fabricated by man. Clay is worked into a desired form, then it is subjected to heat to solidify this form. Today Stoneware and Porcelain are popular material choices. Methods of production include hand building through coiling and slab work, throwing on a potter's wheel, and slip casting. Contemporary artists such as Kristen Morgin choose to work in unfired clay as a means of production.


Material Sources:
Clayworks Supplies, Inc 4625 Falls Road Baltimore, Maryland 21209 Phone: 410-235-5998  Fax: 410-235-6061 http://www.clayworkssupplies.com/

Selected Texts and DVDs:

-Ruth Duckworth A Life in Clay by Karen Carter 2004, DVD

-Postmodern Ceramics by Mark Del Vecchio. 2001 Thames & Hudson

-The Craft and Art of Clay by Susan Peterson. 2004 Overlook

-Confrontational Clay: the artist as social critic by Judith S. Schwartz. 2000 Exhibits USA

Selected Ceramic Artists: Robert Arneson, Nicole Cherubini, Ruth Duckworth, Viola Frey, Marilyn Levine,

Kristen Morgin, Rebecca Warren

Robert Arneson, Splat, 1973

Nicole Cherubini, G-Pot, Black Vanitas, 2006

Kristen Morgin, Topolino, 2003. Unfired clay, wood, wire and cement

Rebecca Warren, Teacher (R), 2003, Self-Firing Clay, 72" x 35" x 35"

5. METAL

METAL FABRICATION
When planning to fabricate a work in metal, one may begin by considering if the work will be planar, linear or a unit construction. Mild steel sheets in 1/8" are popular. The MIG welder is the most widely used welding tool for sculpture processes. The arc welder, oxy-acetylene torch and TIG welder are your other options.
 

Material Sources:

-Durrett Sheppard Steel Co Inc 6800 E. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21224 p: 410-633-6800 f: 410-633-4325

-Metal Supermarkets: Online Sales http://www.metalsupermarkets.com or Call Toll Free: 1-866-867-9344
-Metalliferous: 34 West 46th Street New York, NY 10036 Phone: (212) 944-0909 http://www.metalliferous.com/ 

Corcoran students: Metal can be purchased from the sculpture department, ask a sculpture tech for details. Free metal scraps can be found in the sculpture department. Ask a sculpture technician or faculty member for assistance with the process; never use equipment you have not been trained on.

Selected Metal Fabrication Artists:  Alexander Calder, Mark di Suvero, Donald Judd, Richard Serra, David Smith, Roxy Paine

Alexander Calder, X, 1967

Mark di Suvero, Prarie Chimes, 1976

Richard Serra, My Curves, 1987

Roxy Paine, Inversion, 2008, stainless steel

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METAL CASTING: the Lost Wax Process
Metal casting media includes bronze, stainless steel, aluminum, pewter, silver, and gold

Video:
Great video by National Sculpture "Lost Wax Casting Process": http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPgEIM-NbhQ


CASTING SERVICES:
New Arts Foundry: 1401 Clipper Heights Avenue Baltimore Maryland 21211 410-243-2200 http://www.newartsfoundry.com/ This foundry provides mainly bronze casting services however they have been known to work in other materials such as aluminum and stainless steel.

Selected Texts:
Bronze Sculpture: Casting and Patination Mud, Fire, Metal by Steve Hurst. 2004 Schiffer


Selected Artists who work with Metal Casting: Liz Craft, Damian Hirst, Jeff Koons, Rona Pondik, Kiki Smith, Marc Quinn

Jeff Koons, Snorkel Vest, 1985, bronze

Liz Craft, Death Rider, 2002, bronze

Marc Quinn, Siren, 2008, gold

Kiki Smith, Sirens, 2007, Set of six cast bronze sculptures with black patina

 

Kiki Smith, Born, 2002, bronze

Richard Serra, Splashed Lead, 1968

 

6. GLASS

While often considered a craft media used in dinnerware and other vessels, GLASS SCULPTURE can achieve amazing results with enchanting transparency. This media requires a complex process. Common glass processes are glass casting and glass blowing. Glass fabrication with plate glass is another possibility witnessed in the work of Larry Bell and Dan Graham.

Glass-working Classes:

-Coradetti Glassblowing Studio (Baltimore, MD) www.corradetti.com/

-Urban Glass (Brooklyn, NY) www.urbanglass.org/

-Penland School of Crafts (Bakersville, NC) www.penland.org/

Selected Texts:

-Sculpture, Glass and American Museums by Martha Drexler Lynn. 2005 University of Pennsylvania Press 

-Chihuly in the Hotshop, 2008, DVD

Selected Glass Artists: Larry Bell, Dale Chihuly, Dan Graham, Karen LaMonte, Josiah McElheny

Dale Chihuly, Red/Yellow Tusk Wall Cluster Installation, 1996

Josiah McElheny, Modernity Mirrored and Reflected Infinitely, 2003

Karen LaMonte, Reclining Dress Impression with Drapery, 2007, 18.5" x 61" x 23"

Larry Bell, Iceburg and its Shadow, 1975

7. FIBER

FIBER ART and Soft Sculpture: Sewing, Embroidery, Felting, Quilting, Weaving, Knitting, and Crochet
Everything from costume design to interactive installations, crocheted objects, embroidered wall hangings, quilts and more can be explored through fiber arts.

Video Links:
Beginning Sewing tutorial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmaZBTMzkoY

Crochet tutorial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hKBeu2BlhU

Felting tutorial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FK1l7Y6ADc

Selected Texts:
Pricked: Extreme Embroidery, Museum of Arts and Design Catalog 2008
Radical Lace and Subversive Knitting, Museum of Arts and Design Catalog 2009
Fiber R/Evolution by Russell Bowman, Milwaukee Art Museum 1986

Selected Fiber/Soft Sculpture Artists: Ghada Amer, Xenobia Baily, Clarina Bezzola, Alexandra Bircken, Nick Cave, Jim Drain, Tracy Emin, Orly Genger, Jann Haworth, Eva Hesse, Sheila Hicks, Ferne Jacobs, Anette Messager, Marcie Miller-Gross, Ernesto Neto, Claes Oldenburg, Iviva Olenick, Joyce Scott, Faith Wilding, Anne Wilson

Claes Oldenburg, Soft Toilet, 1966

Ernesto Neto, Leviathan Thot, 2006

Ernesto Neto, Intimacy, 2006, Textile, Nylon Stockings, Glass Beads, Styrofoam

Faith Wilding, from Womanhouse: Web Room (Crocheted Environment), 1972

 

Orly Genger, Big Boss, 2010

Xenobia Baily, Sistah Paradise Great Wall of Fire Revival Tent, 1999

Jim Drain, Untitled, 2010

  

Nick Cave, Soundsuit

Nick Cave, Soundsuit

8. PAPER

PAPER SCULPTURE
Origami is a well known type of paper art but there is a rich tradition of cut paper art from many areas of the world often working with cut paper silhouettes such as Papel Picado from Mexico. Popular genres of contemporary paper sculpture include the creation of geometric forms, recreations of items in our daily life, and expressive abstract works. Paper artists have also been known to use the book as a material, carving into the pages to transform it into a sculptural investigation.

Materials:

White or colored paper, exacto knife, cutting mat, scissors, tape, glue such as Sobo glue, PVA ph neutral acid free white glue, or paper cement

Selected Texts:

Slash: Paper Under the Knife, The Museum of Arts and Design Catalog 2009
Thomas Demand, The Museum of Modern Art Publication 2005

Sculpture in Paper by Nicholas Roukes (How-to book) 1993 Davis Publications, Inc
Paper Sculpture: a Step-by-Step Guide by Kathleen Ziegler (How-to book) 1994 Rockport Publishers, Inc.

Selected Paper Artists:  Peter Callesen, Thomas Demand, Leonardo Drew, Maya Lin, Chris Natrop, Ingrid Silakus, Jen Stark, Richard Sweeney, Yuken Teryua, Pierre Vanni

Jen Stark, Plasmascopic, 2009

Jen Stark, Square, 2007

Pierre Vanni

Chris Natrop, Dewdrop Redux 2, 2009

Peter Callesen, On the Other Side, 2006

Leonardo Drew, Number 80, 2004, cast paper, 204 x 672 x 4 inches

Maya Lin, Atlas Landscape, 2006